How to Grow Tree of Heaven Pendulifolium

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Tree of Heaven Pendulifolium

Ailanthus altissima 'Pendulifolium'

tree

A weeping cultivar of the Tree of Heaven featuring gracefully drooping, fern-like compound leaves that create an elegant, fountain-like silhouette. This deciduous tree grows rapidly and develops a spreading canopy with cascading branches. Known for its ornamental foliage and tolerance of poor growing conditions, it serves as a distinctive specimen plant in landscapes.

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Example Tree of Heaven Pendulifolium timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Tree of Heaven Pendulifolium

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Tree of Heaven Pendulifolium

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Tree of Heaven Pendulifolium dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

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Sun: Full sun, 6+ hours daily; tolerates partial shade but develops best form in full sun
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Water: Drought-tolerant once established; water regularly during first growing season to establish deep roots. Mature trees rarely need supplemental watering except during severe drought.
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Spacing: 180 inches
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Days to maturity: 2-3 years to reach ornamental maturity; 5-7 years for substantial canopy development
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Planting depth: Plant at same depth as root ball; slightly shallow planting acceptable

Soil

Type: Well-draining soil; extremely adaptable to poor, compacted, or contaminated soils
pH: 5.5-8.0
Amendments:
Minimal amendments needed; tolerates alkaline soils Optional: compost for young trees to establish quickly Avoid excessive fertilization which promotes weak growth

Growing Zones

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Zones 5-9, hardy down to zone 4b; thrives in warm temperate climates

4b 5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

6-12 months

Young sapling with thin stem and sparse branching; weeping habit begins to develop

Water regularly to establish deep root system; stake if needed for wind protection; thin competing stems to develop main leader

2

Early Growth

1-2 years

Rapid stem elongation with increasing branch development; characteristic weeping form becomes more apparent

Remove lower branches to raise canopy if desired; prune to shape and remove crossing branches; minimal fertilization needed

3

Canopy Development

2-4 years

Spreading crown with long, gracefully drooping branches covered in feathery, fern-like compound leaves

Prune selectively to maintain weeping form and remove dead or crossing branches; monitor for suckering from roots or trunk and remove promptly

4

Flowering & Fruiting

Late spring through autumn

Small greenish-yellow flowers appear in late spring/early summer in terminal panicles; winged fruits (samaras) develop in autumn

Remove seed clusters before maturity if self-seeding is a concern; thin dense interior branches to improve air circulation

5

Mature Specimen

Ongoing; 50+ year lifespan

Fully developed weeping tree with substantial trunk and wide-spreading, cascading canopy; golden-yellow fall color

Prune minimally; remove dead wood, water sprouts, and root suckers; monitor for pest issues; use wound sealant sparingly if pruning large branches

Companion Planting

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Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Vegetable gardens (allelopathic compounds inhibit growth) Fruit trees and shrubs (allelopathic effects) Perennial beds sensitive to shade and root competition Grass lawns directly beneath canopy (difficult to maintain) Shallow-rooted plants competing for moisture

Common Pests

  • Prune affected branches; handpick if infestation is light; use spinosad or neem oil in early summer when larvae are young

  • Remove egg masses from bark in winter; apply sticky barriers to trunk in spring; contact local extension office for management protocols

  • Maintain tree vigor through proper watering and care; prune out infested branches; avoid wounding the trunk

  • Prune diseased branches well below visible symptoms; sterilize tools between cuts; no chemical control; maintain tree vigor

Uses

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Specimen Landscape Tree

Ornamental

The elegant weeping form makes it an excellent focal point in gardens, parks, and large landscapes. The cascading branches create visual interest and the fern-like compound leaves provide fine texture year-round. [source]

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Shade & Shelter

Household

Provides substantial shade for patios and seating areas due to its spreading canopy. The dense foliage creates shelter from wind and offers privacy screening in larger landscapes. [source]

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Wildlife Habitat

Wildlife

Provides nesting sites and shelter for birds in the dense branching. Seeds (samaras) are consumed by various bird species and small mammals, supporting wildlife communities. [source]

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Traditional Uses (Asia)

Culinary

In traditional Asian cuisine and medicine, various Ailanthus species' leaves, seeds, and bark have been used in herbal preparations, though modern use is limited. The tree itself has ethnobotanical significance in native Asian regions. [source]

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Urban & Remediation Planting

Household

Extremely tolerant of poor soils, pollution, and harsh urban conditions, making it valuable for sites with contaminated or compacted soil. Can help stabilize soil in difficult landscape situations. [source]

Harvest Tips

Not harvested for food; prune ornamentally in late winter to early spring before growth begins. Remove seed heads in late summer if preventing self-seeding is desired. Remove root suckers and water sprouts as soon as they appear.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 The weeping 'Pendulifolium' cultivar was developed to showcase the tree's ability to grow in challenging conditions while providing ornamental beauty; the cascading branches can eventually reach the ground, creating a dramatic fountain effect.
  • 🌱 Ailanthus altissima is native to China but has become naturalized across much of North America and Europe, earning the nickname 'tree of heaven' because it grows where other trees cannot—it was famously featured in 'A Tree Grows in Brooklyn' as a symbol of resilience.
  • 🌱 The tree exhibits allelopathic properties, releasing compounds through leaves and roots that inhibit the growth of competing plants; this makes it an aggressive colonizer but requires careful placement away from sensitive plantings.

Gardening Terms

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