How to Grow Selaginella (Spikemoss)

Selaginella (Spikemoss)

Selaginella species

grass

Selaginella, commonly known as spikemoss, is a low-growing evergreen ground cover that thrives in shady, moist environments. These delicate, moss-like plants feature feathery foliage and rarely exceed 6-12 inches in height, making them ideal for woodland gardens, terrariums, and shaded borders. Unlike true mosses, Selaginella are vascular plants with true roots, offering greater durability and easier cultivation.

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Example Selaginella (Spikemoss) timeline · Pittsburgh, PA (Zone 6b)

  1. Plant Selaginella (Spikemoss)

    Around Apr 17

    Near Pittsburgh's average last spring frost.

  2. Tend & protect

    Late spring–summer

    Watering, feeding, and pest-watch reminders.

  3. Harvest Selaginella (Spikemoss)

    Late summer into fall

    Before the first fall frost (≈ Nov 8)

Sample dates for Pittsburgh, PA. Sign up to get exact Selaginella (Spikemoss) dates for your own zip code.

Growing Conditions

☀️
Sun: Shade to partial shade; 2-4 hours of indirect light daily. Avoid direct sunlight, which scorches foliage.
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Water: Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. High humidity is essential; mist regularly or provide 50-70% relative humidity.
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Spacing: 6 inches
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Days to maturity: Selaginella develop slowly; full ground cover typically achieved in 12-18 months
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Planting depth: Surface planting; gently press small divisions into soil without burying the crown

Soil

Type: Rich, well-draining, organic-matter-heavy soil with high moisture retention
pH: 5.5-7.0
Amendments:
Peat moss or coconut coir Compost or leaf mold Perlite (for drainage) Composted bark

Growing Zones

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Zones 5-9 for outdoor cultivation; tropical species thrive in zones 10-11

5a 5b 6a 6b 7a 7b 8a 8b 9a 9b 10a 10b 11a 11b

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Growth Stages

1

Establishment

2-4 weeks

Small, delicate shoots with 2-4 tiny fronds emerging from the base. Very tender and vulnerable.

Maintain high humidity (75%+), keep soil consistently moist, avoid direct sun and air currents, fertilize sparingly with half-strength balanced fertilizer

2

Vegetative Growth

3-6 months

Foliage gradually thickens and spreads horizontally. Fronds become more numerous and fill in the planting area. Color deepens from pale to rich green.

Continue consistent moisture and humidity, provide bright indirect light, avoid temperature fluctuations, divide crowded patches gently

3

Maturation

6-12 months

Plant reaches full height (6-12 inches depending on species) with dense, feathery foliage forming a continuous carpet or mound.

Maintain established moisture and humidity levels, fertilize monthly with dilute liquid fertilizer during growing season, prune dead or damaged fronds

4

Maintenance

Ongoing

Established ground cover continues spreading slowly and requires minimal intervention. Foliage remains vibrant year-round.

Water during dry spells, maintain humidity in indoor settings, remove debris from the foliage surface, divide if overcrowding occurs

Companion Planting

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Plant with:

Avoid planting near:

Aggressive spreading plants (English ivy, Vinca) Plants requiring full sun and dry conditions Deep-rooting trees that compete for moisture Salt-tolerant plants (salts damage delicate foliage)

Common Pests

  • Increase humidity (the primary deterrent), mist regularly, isolate affected plants, use neem oil spray on severe infestations

  • Remove with damp cloth, isolate infected plants, apply insecticidal soap or neem oil, improve air circulation

  • Manual removal with soft brush, horticultural oil spray, repeat treatments every 7-10 days

  • Allow soil surface to dry slightly between waterings, use sticky traps, apply Bti (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) to soil

  • Improve drainage, reduce watering frequency, remove affected portions, repot in fresh soil, increase air circulation

Uses

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Terrarium & Vivarium Landscaping

Household

Selaginella's low height, moisture-loving nature, and attractive feathery foliage make it ideal for creating realistic woodland miniature landscapes in closed terrariums and naturalistic vivarium enclosures. [source]

🎨

Decorative Ground Cover & Living Art

Craft

Used in shade gardens and woodland settings to create soft, carpet-like textures that contrast with larger foliage plants. Creates living moss-like effects in Japanese gardens and contemporary shade design. [source]

💊

Traditional Herbal Medicine

Medicinal

Various Selaginella species (particularly S. tamariscina and S. bryopteris) are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda for fever reduction, cough relief, and liver health support. [source]

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Microhabitat for Beneficial Arthropods

Wildlife

Dense Selaginella mats provide shelter and moisture for ground-dwelling insects, spiders, and beneficial arthropods essential to garden ecosystems. [source]

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Edible Species (Regional)

Culinary

In some Asian cuisines, tender young fronds of certain Selaginella species are occasionally used in soups and salads for their delicate texture and mild flavor, though this use is rare. [source]

This is not medical advice. LizPlants is not a medical resource. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using plants medicinally.

Harvest Tips

Selaginella is not harvested for yield but rather propagated by division. In spring, gently separate rooted sections and transplant to new locations. For terrarium use, carefully remove individual fronds or small clusters with minimal root disturbance.

Fun Facts

  • 🌱 Selaginella species possess a remarkable trait called 'resurrection' — some varieties can enter dormancy during drought and fully recover within hours of rehydration, surviving desiccation that would kill most plants.
  • 🌱 Unlike true mosses, Selaginella has evolved true vascular tissues and roots, making it a 'living fossil' that bridges the evolutionary gap between mosses and ferns, unchanged for over 300 million years.
  • 🌱 Selaginella species display iridescent blue coloration in certain light conditions due to specialized cell structures that refract light, a phenomenon similar to butterfly wing coloration, making them prized by plant collectors.

Gardening Terms

New to gardening? Learn about terms used in this guide:

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